Water cooling system



.May 10, 1938. E. o. SCHJOLIN WATER COOLING SYS TEM Filed June 18, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 3mm 01/6 scyazzh May 10, 1938. Q SCHJOLIN 2,117,040

WATER COOLING SYSTEM Filed June 18, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 1938. E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,117,040

WATER COOLING SYSTEM Filed June 18, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 3 azzazzpwbzzzz, I

May 10, 1938. E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,117,040

WATER COOLING SYSTEM Filed June 18, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 y 1938. 5,0. SCHJOLIN 2,117,040

WATER COOLING SYSTEM Filed Jun 18, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 roamed May 10,1938 I I $2,117,040.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFrl'ca warm coonmo SYSTEM Erie ouvsohioun, Pontiac, Mich, or to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, 11., a corporation of Delaware Application June 18, 1936, Serial No. 85,842

16 Claims. (Cl. 180-54) This invention relates to improvements in a at the front of the vehicle and connecting these water cooling system applied to internal comradiators with pipes to the engine block. I then bustion engines used on automotive vehicles, and had the radiators placed directly at the most has particular reference to a cooling system as advantageous position on the vehicle and elimiapplied to. an engine positioned at the rear of nated the objectionable louvers at the rear. The the vehicle. louvers detracted from the appearance of the In the prior art where the engine is positioned vehicle and added to the cost. In practice, I at the front of the vehicle, it is a relatively easy found that by positioning one radiator at the matter to place the radiator at the front of the front of the vehicle, I obtainedadequate coolvehicle to receive the air'as the vehicle passes ing substantially without the' use of a fan to 10 along the road. Where the engine is positioned draw, the air therethrough and by the use of at the'rear the problem of cooling by radiation two smaller radiators positioned at the side of by means of a water cooling system becomes more the front of the vehicle below the head lamps, difiicult because if the radiator is positioned at I am able to obtain the advantage of a closed the rear of the vehicle close to the engine, there compartment or luggage carrier between the ra- 15 is the P of causing Sllfiicient P diators at, the vehicle front. The two small through the radiator to O t adequate co l g. radiators also adapt themselves much better from One of the means to obtain the necessary the standpoint of appearance design. i y of r i to provide louvers-in the ,Accordingly,- the present invention is shown in '20 hicle side to the rear of the rear door and cause t ci s; in one the radiator is positioned at t e 11511211 fan t0 D1111 the a thl'mlgh the louvers the rear of the vehicle and draws the air through and o c t h o the lfldiator- There is louvers in the vehicle side to the rear of the rear m Objection to this Practicebecause where the door; in the other species the air is taken at the air is taken inward behind the front of the vef o t of the vehicle through two small inter,

25 hicle, there is considerably more dust from the connected radiators In this second Species I road taken m by the and blown thfough make use of a third small radiator at the rear the radiator and necessarily on the engine in of the vehicle; This third radiator has a very the compartmenti small fan and has for its object to obtain ade- This method, of cootmg has been found Sans quate cooling under certain conditions of ,opera- 30 factory and gives satisfactory results, but it is non engine. such as during the idling more desirable if the radiator can be placedat period or when the engine Stands for a com the front where it is directly in the path of the onward movement of the vehicle and is better 8533 gg fig the engme running zg zgi gg $23 the through the radiator Figure 1 is a rear elevational view of the engine 85 with the radiator and fan attached, the parts In designing the vehicle of the present invntion, 1 found that where the air is taken through being Separate mm vehicle but the rear drive axles and rear wheels shown in louvers at the rear, too great a cooling is obtained in the winter because of the extreme dotted P Figure 2 is a detail showing the mounting of 4 coolness of the air on the outside, and some means must be adopted to restrict the fl of the rear end of the radiator on the transmission air.through the louvers such as by closing a housmgnumber of the louvers. In the warmer months, Figure 3 i an enlarge! detailed View looking a gregtr quantity of air is required and it is from the rear of the radiator and showing the 45 found necessary to reopen the louvers. This manner in Which the Water om e ng ne brought in the objectionable feature of some is delivered o the radiator and vthe manner of adjustment for the louvers. The vehicle of' the bracing the radiator t0 the e invention is a relatively light yehiele nd h Figure 4 is a sectional detail showing the 59 a small engine of the two cycle type and the mounting of the fan on the framework attached cooling problems for an engine of this kind are to the radiator. r I different than for the ordinary four cycle engine. Figure 5 is an enlarged elevational view show- In conducting the experiments for the radiator ing the radiator on the side opposite to that at the rear, I came upon the idea of placing shown in Figure 3, parts being broken away and either one large radiator or two large radiators shown in section, better to illustrate the details. 5,5

Figures 6, 7 and 9 are details of the framework attached to the radiator to mount the fan.

Figure 8 is a detailed view showing the manner. in which the water circulates through the engine block and radiator.

Figure 10 is a view in perspective showing the cooling system adapted to a rear engine with the radiating means at the front, with the shutters omitted'from in front of the radiators.

Figure, 11 is'a detailed plan view of one of the radiators of Figure 10 with the shutter attached. Figure 12 is a detailed view of the third small radiator at the rear of the vehicle.

,fiReferring' to the drawings, the numeral 2 indi- 5 ,cates an internal combustion engine as a whole.

/ The engine -is of the two cycle type having U cylinders and is provided with a blower the nous-- ing of which is indicated at'4. The blower has a by-pass, the housing of which is indicated at 8. The carburetor is indicated at 8. The engine block has cast integral therewith the transmission housing I8 and the diflerential housing I2. Leading from thedifferential housing are the live axles l4 which drive the rear wheels I8. The;

5 usual water pump I8 draws water through a tube 28 from the radiator 24 and delivers it through a pipe 22.into the block of the engine 2. The radiator 24 comprises the central core 28, the side 'inlet tank 28 and the side outlet tank 38, all of which are rigidly interconnected in a well known way. The outlet tank 88 has the filler cap 32 to A replenish the water in the cooling system. At the bottom of the radiator there are secured the brackets 34 and 38 having downwardly extending ends 88 and 48. These ends embrace an upwardly projecting part 42 on a transmission housing and a'bolt 44 passes through openlngs in the ends 88 and 48 and in the projecting part 42 rigidly to mount the lower radiator end.

The upper end of the radiator is mounted as is best shown in Figure 3; Extending from the cylinders 48 and 48 of the engine 2 are the water outlet pipes 88 and 82. These pipes'are secured to the cylindersby means offittings 84 and 88.

and are united at a fitting 88 secured by the 1 welding.

flange 88 to the upper portion of the tank 28. The fitting 88- has a boss 82 in which there is screw-threaded a rod 84, the other end of which is secured in a bracket 88 secured by a flange 88 to the upper portion of the tank 38. The water outlet pipes 88 and 82 and the brace 84 support the radiator at itstop. 1

At the other side of the radiator a framework indicated as a 'whole at I8 is provided. The framework comprises the inner spider l2 and the outer spider 14. The inner spider comprises four arms interconnected at their centers by the end ofatubel8asisshowninFigures4and '7. The outer spider also has four arms which are tubular and have slots I8 at the ends of the tubes to.-

receive the ends 88 of the arms of the inner spider I2. 'This is best shown in Figures 5 and 8. The ends of the tubes composing the spider I4 are flattened as at 82 andare secured to heads 84 of the frame 88 extending around'the periphery of the radiator. .The flat'en'ds are secured in place by means of bolts 88. Except as otherwise shown the parts are secured to eachother by Figure 9 shows a modified frame construction. The tubes 14' end at the inside of the hood I22 where theyare welded to the squared ends of the, inner arms of the spider I2. The ends of the arms of the spider 12' are flanged as at 81 and welded to the inside of the hood I22. A flange 88 on the hood is held by the bolt 88.

As is seen in Figure 4, the outer spider I4 has a hub 88 which is hollow and receives the other end of the shaft 18; The outer endof the hub is finished to receive a ball bearing 82 on which there is mounted a drum 84 which has secured thereto a'second drum 88. The drums 84 and 88 are screwed together by means of a bolt 88. The drum 94 has the pulley half I88 formed thereon,

while the drum 88 has the second pulley half I82 formed thereon, the same to form the grooved pulley to receive the belt I84 driven from the cone pulley I88 formed at-the rear of the clutch I88 as described in my co-pending application,

8. N. 55,626. The drums 84 and 88, and the ball,

bearing 82 are held on the hub 88 by means of the washer H8 and nut II2, the latter being screw-threaded on the threaded end of the hub 88. I

The outer end of the hub 88 is inturned to form the flange II3-and the fitting II4 is fitted inside' the drum. Over the flange II3 there is received the'*hub II8 of a fan H8. The hub H8 is secured to the flange II 8 and fitting II 4 by means of the bolts I28.

Surrounding the fan and the spiders l4 and I2 there is a hood I22 which has a slot I24 at its lower portion to enable the fan belt I84 to pass therethrough. The open end or mouth I28 of the hood is placed closely adjacent to the louvers I28 (Figure 10) at the vehicle side so as to enable the fan to draw the most favorable quantity of air and force it through the radiator. I

Referring to Figure 8, the manner in which the water circulates through the radiator and the passage I38, the rest of the water will flow into the connecting passage I48 to the water passage 4 142 of the cylinder 48 and into the outlet pipe 82. From the passage I88 of the cylinder I38, the water will flow into the connecting passage I44 and into the water, passage I48 of the cylinder 48 and into the outlet pipe 88. Both outlet pipes c 88 and 82 deliver to the connection 88 and into the inlet tank 28 from where the water is distributed into the radiator to be cooled and flows. to the outlet tank 38 to be retaken by the pump and circulated through the engine block. The 5 small arrows in the figure indicate the circulation of the water.

In Figure 10 the same engine isused as shown in Figure 1. There is a radiator I48 positioned at the engine but it is much smaller than the 8 radiator 24 shown in Figure 1. The radiator is provided with a hood I22 and a fan I82 mounted on a spider I84 and driven from the pulley I88 in turn driven by the fan belt I88 operated from the cone pulley I88 on the clutch I88. The fan 8 -is positioned in a different way than the fan shown in Figure 1, but has the same function and if desired the fan and its support may be the same as shown in Figure 1. The. radiator is mounted on the transmission housing by means 7| In Figure ion will be noted mam-m 7 I13 of the radiator immediately below the head lamps I68 and these two radiators are interconnected by the pipe I10 which takes the water irom the upper part of the radiator I68 and delivers it to the lower part of the radiator I66. Both radiators I66 and I68 have shutters I'll in front of them as is shown in Figure 11. A pipe I12 connects the lower end of the radiator I68 to the top ot'the radiator I48 and a third pipe m connectsdihe top or the radiator I66 with the pump". The pump I8 will draw water from the pipe I14 and force it through the engine block in the manner shown in Figure 8. From the engine block the water will be delivered tothe pipe I64. The water will be delivered into the lower end of the radiator I48 and pass upward to the upper tank and be discharged through the pipe I12 to the lower tank lid. The water will pass upward into the upper tank I'I5'oi the radiator I68 through the pipe 818 to the lower tank 01 the I66 and thenv radiator I66 through the radiator into the pipe I'll.

The radiator I48 has a hood M! which has the same function as the hood I22 in Figures 1 and 5. I

As is shown in detail in Figure 11, the shutters I'll in front of the radiators I166 and I68 are mounted in the metal work I'l6 of the body H8, or where the fenders Itll join on to the sides In. The shutters include the blades m, pivotally mounted at I86 and each having at its top an arm I88 to which there is plvotally connected a rod Idd which extends across the vehicle front and connects with the shutter at the opposite side so that both shutters will be simultaneously operated. The vehicle body l'lt in constructional detail is described in my copending application Serial No. 41,062, filed September 18, 1935.

The pipe i'iIl has a thermostat I92 positioned and mounted in a compartment I9 i secured in the pipe. An arm ltd from the thermostat is connected to a bell crank lever lQIl pivoted at 206 to a bracket 262 secured to the metal'work H6 of the body. The other arm of the bell crank lever is slotted and a pin 2% on the rod I9Il is received in the slot so that as the thermostat expands the shutters will bemoved'to open position.

By using two small radiators such as I66 and I6t or one large radiator at the front oi the vehicle, I am enabled to take advantage of the movement oi the vehicle to cause the air through impact to pass through the radiator. 1 have found in actual practice that given suflicien't radiating surface (assupplied by the two small radiators H66 and I68) I can obtain ample and. adequate cooling without the use of a fan or a third radiator such as shown-at Ht. Under some conditions such as when the engine is idling tor a long period, 'or where the vehicle isgoing up a long steep grade-and perhaps towing a trailer, or where the outside temperature is high (as in midsummer) and there is an insuflicient impactoi air, therewill be a tendency tor the engine to overheat because there is insuiiicient' forward movement of the vehicle to cause enough cool air to pass through the radiators. I therefore find it advisable to have a small auxiliary rad ator such as I48 with the small fan to give a limited amount of cooling to prevent overheath. such as at idling, etc.,.and to cause a change of airin the engine compartment. The

radiator M8 is, however, unnecessary and for a and having its lower end mounted thereon, a

vehicle which is given the service it receives from the ordinary purchaser, the cooling aiiorded by theradiators I66 and I68fis ample. Especially in winter the third radiator is unnecessary.

Another reason for tioned radiator is that it brings the hot water from the engine forwardly where'it is made available to heat the vehicle, particularly in front of the driver's seat.

In placing the radiator at the sides of the front'of the vehicle advantage is taken or the most favorable position to obtain the greatest amount of cooling from the largest and coolest air stream. When-the car is moving Iorward the nose of the car divides the air laterally, upwardly and downwardly, the lateral flow of air striking the vehicle at the head lamps where the radiators are positioned. Experience has shown that the air for about 12 inches above'the road is much hotter in summer time by sometimes as high as 30 than thesuperposed air. With the radiators to enable air to enter the hood, a Ian in the hood, I

said fan driven by the engine and adapted to cause air rapidly to pass through the radiator, and a water pump driven from the engine to cause the water to circulate through the radiator and the engine block.

2. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine oi an automotive vehicle, a combined engine block and transmission housing positioned at the rear of the vehicle, a radiator positioned over the transmission housing and secured thereto, a tank at each end of the radiator, means I at the side of the vehicle to allow the entrance of air, a hood between said means and the radiator, a fan mounted inside said hood and adapted to cause air rapidly to pass through the radiator, a water pump driven from the engine and adapted to cause the water to pass through the engine block and radiator, and a plurality of pipes leading from the engine and delivering to the tank on one end, said pump withdrawing the water from the other tank.

3. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, a combined engine block and'transmission housing, a radiator. forming a part of the cooling system of the engine and positioned over the transmission brace extending from one side of the radiator to the engine block, and a second brace extending from'the other radiator side to the engine block to hold the radiatorin position.

4. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, a combined engine block and transmission housing, a radiator iorming a part of the cooling system of the engine and positioned over the transmission and having its lower end mounted thereon, a .70

brace extending iromrone side of the radiator to the engine block; an'd'a water pipe extending from the other side of-the radiator to the engine a block to hold the radiator in position. I

5. In a cooling system for an internal cornusing a forwardly posibustion engine of. an automotive vehicle, a. transmission housing and an engine block, a' radiator over the transmission housing and mounted at its lower end thereon, means to brace the radiator from its-two sides to the engine block, a spider secured to the radiator at one of its sides, a rod mounted in the hub of the spider, a bearing on the rod, a fan pulley mounted on the bearing, and a fan driven from the pulley to cause air rapidly to pass through the radiator.

- 6. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, a transmission housing and an engine block, a radiator over the transmission housing and mounted at its lower end thereon, means to brace the radiator from its two sides to the engine block,

through the radiator.

a four-armed spider secured to the radiator at the corners of one of its faces, a rod mounted in the hub of the spider, a bearing on the rod, ,a fan pulley mounted on the bearing and a fan driven from the pulley to cause air rapidly to pass I. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having an imperforate front nose part, fenders at the sides of the nose part, two radiators, one at each side of the nose part and positioned at the extreme forward part of the fenders at the place of junction of the fenders with the nose part and being completely exposed to receive the influx of air when the vehicle is in motion,.and means to conduct the 'water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

8. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle hav-- ing an imperforate front nose part, fenders at the sides of the nose part, two radiators, one at each side of the'nose part a short distance to the 9. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having an imperforate front nose part, fenders at the sides of the nose part, two headlamps, one

lamp at each side of the nose part, two radiators,

one at each side of the nose part and below a headlamp, said radiators being positioned between the nose part and the fenders, and means to conduct-the water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

10. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having an imperforate front nose part extendingfrom the windshield to adjacent the front wheels, two small radiators, one at each side of the nose part, said radiators being completely exposed to receive the influx of air unaided by external means, and means to conduct the water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

11. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, two

radiators, one at each side of the front of the vehicle, said radiators being completely exposed to. receive the influx of air unaided by 'external means, a hood atthe front of the vehicle extending between the radiators, the forwardmost part of said hood being imperforate and projecting forwardly of .the radiators to divide the air and divert it laterally into the radiators, and means to conduct the water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

12. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, two radiators, one at each side of the front of the vehicle, said radiators being completely exposed to receive the influx of air unaided by external means, imperforate means extending forwardly of and between the radiators to divide the ,air and divert it laterally into the radiators, and means to conduct the water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

13. In a water cooling system for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having an imperforate front nose part, fenders at the sides of the nose part, two radiators, one at each side of the nose part and positioned at the place of junction ofthe fenders with the nose part, shutters in front of both radiators, means interconnecting the shutters to cause their simultaneous operation, and means to conduct the water of the system between the engine and the radiators.

14. In a water cooling system for the internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having the engine positioned at the rear end of the vehicle, a plurality of radiators at the front of the vehicle, a water conduit leading from the engine to the top of one radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of said one radiator to the top of the second radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of the second radiator to the engine, and means to force water through the system. i

15. In a water cooling system for the internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having the engine positioned'at the rear end of the vehicle,,a plurality of radiators at'the front of the 'vehicle, a. water conduit leading from the engine to the top of one radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of said one radiator to the top of the second radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of thesecond radiator to the engine, shutters in front of both radiators, means interconnecting the shutters to enable their simultaneous operation, and means to force water through the system.

16. In a water cooling system for the internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle having the engine positioned at the rear end of the vehicle, a plurality of radiators at the front of the vehicle, a water conduit leading from the engine to the top of one radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of said one radiator to the top of the second radiator, a water conduit leading from the bottom of the second radiator to the engine, shutters in front of both radiators, means interconnecting the shutters to enable their simultaneous operation, -a thermostat in the pipe between the radiators and operatively connected withsaid interconnecting means to cause the operation of the shutters in accordance with the temperature of the water in the cooling-system, and means system.

to force water through the Earc our: scmonm; 1o 

